Dera Khalsa

1. Relations at Rawalpindi and other areas  of Punjab  The Muslims and Sikhs enjoyed harmonious relationship throughout the rural  Punjab . They had been living for centuries door to door as good friends though they had an antagonistic historical past more deep-rooted than the Hindu-Muslim enmity. Hindu and the Muslim heroes had different regions and times while the Muslim rulers and the Sikh heroes were contemporary and in the same land. Therefore, we see a direct clash between the Muslim rulers and the Sikh religious personalities. Both the communities sought the way to live together and ostensibly they were living with the Muslims on the basis of social inter-action and interdependence. The other factors may be summarized as:     * Saints and legacy of their teachings     * Conversions within caste     * Communitarian dominance     * Feudal structure of the rural society based on economi...

Sacrifices of Jammu Muslims during partition Out break of violence Launch of terror on Jammu Muslims Massacres on Jammu Muslims   N umber of Jammu Kashmir refugees setteled in Punjab  Refrences       1. Sacrifices of  Muslims during partition of  Sub   continent in 1947 The inter-religious violence that occurred in Jammu and Kashmir against the backdrop of the 1947 Partition of India and its aftermaths included a possible ‘ethnic cleansing’ of Jammu’s Muslims. One million Kashmiri Muslim refugees were uprooted and an estimated 2,500,00 to 300,000 were massacred in the Jammu region alone in August-October 1947. Violence was directed in the main by the Dogra Hindu state troopers aimed at driving them out from fear of death. Despite the grwoing concerns of the ‘new history’ of Partition, until recently it has been dominated by the Punjab experience of violence and mass migration. This has been ...